LAD #29 truman doctrine

Lad #29
The Truman Doctrine
PRESIDENT HARRY S. TRUMAN'S ADDRESS BEFORE A JOINT SESSION OF CONGRESS
MARCH 12, 1947

I am called to make this address as it deals with the foreign policy and the national security, and the nations of Greece and Turkey. The Greek Government, which is less blessed than this nation in terms of wealth, has sent an urgent appeal to the Untied States for financial and economic assistance to remain a free nation. Since the evil days of occupation in 1940, when the Germans were destroying all the railways, roads, port facilities, communications, and merchant marine developments, their resources have been completely drained which caused political chaos. The Greek Government has additionally asked for the knowledge of America’s skilled and experienced economists to produce a stable and self-sustaining economy and to improve its public administration as a whole. Above all we should aid the Greeks if only to help with the issues of security and natural order, which all citizens of the world desire and deserve. The Greek state is currently being menaced by terrorist activities of thousands of armed men, led by the dangerous Communists. Though the UN has commissioned a security council to check the power of the Communist party in this area of the world, the Greek state is in great peril as their small military is poorly trained and equipped. We must help the Greeks become a self-supporting and self-respecting democracy, as we are the only nation strong enough to defend this cause for them. By no means is any governmental system perfect, and the Greek Government has been operating in an atmosphere of chaos and extremism. We may at this time, also consider the status of Greece’s neighbor Turkey, who also needs our support at this time. Turkey has sought financial support of The Untied States and Great Britain, to preserve national integrity and achieve a level of modernization. In regards to the broad implications that have discussed, one of the primary objectives of the foreign policy of the United States is the creation of conditions of other nations that will be able to work out a way of life free from coercion. This is why the creation of The United Nations, designed to make possible lasting freedom and independence, is of such importance. Because we must act swiftly to effect change, I now ask the Congress to provide authority for assistance to Greece and Turkey in the amount of $400,000,000 for the period ending June 30, 1948. At this time I would also ask the Congress to authorize the detail of American civilian and military personnel to Greece and Turkey and approve the necessary funds.

LAD: 22 Wilson Inaugural

Skylar Jameson
AP American History
Mr. DeCarlo
7 February 2007
Lad 22: Wilson's First Inaugural
Tuesday, March 4, 1913
The recent change in government, that began two years ago when the House of Representatives became Democratic, is now complete as the Senate has also become Democratic. This swift change of power involves a change of point of view and plan; and will be used for the better of the nation as a whole. The effectiveness of government will reflect the strength, beauty and ability of the people, as the body of wealth, industries and individuals will benefit. Problems, however, have and will arise, with the corrosion of gold as an example. The government has now heard the people’s groans at various injustices with squander and over taxation, and these issues shall be addressed. The duty of this new Democratic government is to cleanse, reconsider, restore, and correct the evils of this nation without impairing the good. The flow of economics and private interests will be restored in this great nation, with a banking and currency system based upon the necessity of the Government and the needs of the people. In no other country can there be found a more effective or productive economy. Furthermore, this nation will be leaders into a new day of social equality and health benefits. Improved health and sanitation will be a service to all humanity. This day will be one of dedication over all other things, as we will strive together towards a goal of restoration verses revolution or destruction. Under God and every citizen of the United States of America I will not fail in delivering to the needs of the people, as I call every faithful and patriotic America to follow me into tomorrow.

LAD #28, FDR inaugural

LAD # 28.

FDR's First Inaugural

Saturday, March 4, 1933

The time has come to boldly speak the truth, so that the nation may revive and will prosper. I have a firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself. The understanding and support of the people themselves will be this nation’s greatest victory. We will stand together as leaders to face the difficulties that lie before us, including risen taxes, withered trade relations. Yet, we still have so much to be thankful for, with the bounty of the land and the capabilities of its great people. There has been much distress associated with economics in the recent past, as we have been faced by failure of credit, which only lead to the lending of more money. We must now move forward and connect the appreciated social value to economic relations. Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort.
Despite the glimmer and shine of materialistic wealth we must hold true to the moral fiber that hold civilization together; remember the importance of honesty, honor, relationships and the sacredness of truth. With changes in ethics there must also be a change in action. Nationwide employment will be the key to our success. In the future there must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments, and a sound and efficient currency on which to rely. Though highly significant to success, our international trade are at this moment, secondary to the establishment of a sound national economy. We must not question or distrust democracy, but follow the codes of the written and sound Constitution of our forefathers. At this time may the Lord God guide and protect the nation and its each and every member.

LAD#27 Kellogg-Briand

LAD #27

The Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact 1928

A Proclamation of the President of the Untied States of America

The Kellogg-Braind Peace Pact of 1928 is a treaty between the President of the United States Of America, the President of the German Reich, His Majesty the King of the Belgians, the President of the French Republic, His Majesty the King of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, His Majesty the King of Italy, His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, the President of the Republic of Poland, and the President of the Czechoslovak Republic, denouncing war and proclaiming peace for all. I is a formal announcement of the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy. This treaty, signed at Paris on the twenty-seventh day of August, one thousand nine hundred and twenty-eight, is for the benefit and the promotion of welfare for all of humanity. In the event of conflict, it is understood that a resolution of peaceful means shall be respected. The following nations have also agreed to the terms of this document since the July 24, 1929:Afghanistan Finland Peru Albania Guatemala Portugal Austria Hungary Rumania Bulgaria Iceland Russia China Latvia Kingdom of the Serbs Cuba Liberia Croats and Slovenes Denmark Lithuania Siam Dominican Republic Netherlands Spain Egypt Nicaragua Sweden Estonia Norway Turkey Ethiopia Panama. Furthermore the following additions have been made: Persia, July 2, 1929; Greece, August 3, 1929; Honduras, August 6, 1929; Chile, August 12, 1929; Luxemburg August 14, 1929; Danzig, September 11, 1929; Costa Rica, October 1, 1929; Venezuela, October 24, 1929.

LAD #26

LAD #26
SCHENCK V. UNITED STATES; BAER V. UNITED STATES
March 3, 1919

The incriminating documents that were seized under a search warrant for the investigating of Socialist headquarters,(which was consistent with the Fourth and Fifth Amendments,) are now being used in a criminal prosecution against the general secretary of a Socialist party, who had charge of the office. There have been multiple examples of developments contrary to the Espionage Act of June 15, 1917, as Mr. Justice Holmes has presented to the Court. It may be noted that during the time when the United States was at war with Germany, the defendants knowingly conspired to have printed and then circulated the secret documents of subordination a obstruction, to men under the military service of this nation. By doing so the defendants have opposed the Act of May 18, 1917. The second offense would be to use the American mailing system for the transmission of matter declared to be ‘non-mail-able’ by the Act of June 15, 1917. However, it may also be noted that the First Amendment of the Constitution clearly supports the freedom of speech. The defendant, Schenck, who had been accused of the sending of this unacceptable material is a general secretary of the Socialist party. Furthermore, Schenck was undeniably involved with the printing and circulation of the 15,000 leaflets. An argument made was the search warrant was invalid, as it was intended to investigate the Socialist headquarters verses the Secretary in question. Valid arguments were then made in regards to ‘freedom of speech’. It was said that, while the importance of the freedom of speech remains, not any one man could yell “fire” in a crowed theater without actual knowledge of a fire, or hazardous conditions. As soon as one person violates the rights of others by speech, then it is no longer acceptable. Therefore the Act of 1917 was enlarged by the amending Act of May 16, 1918.

LAD #25

15 February 2007
LAD: #25
President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points

Gentlemen of the Congress:
To discuss the objects of the war and the possible basis of a general peace, we must now address the different opinions of both Russian representatives and representatives of the Central Powers. Our attention must now be focused into whether it may be possible to extend these parleys into a general conference with regard to terms of peace, and also to establish certain points in the interest of the United States of America and the World. It may be noted that the general principles of settlement which they at first suggested originated with the more liberal statesmen of Germany and Austria. Open covenants of peace and public diplomacy shall reign. In both war and peace absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters shall also be respected. Maintainment of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations shall also be observed. The consistency of domestic safety shall be respected through adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments. With regard to colonial claims there shall be a free and absolutely impartial adjustment. Furthermore, in regards to Russian, French and Belgium territories, all areas will be excavated and restored. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected, and the peoples of Austria-Hungary should be granted the fairest opportunities. Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel. The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty. And an independent Polish state should be erected. Finally, an association of nations will be created to afford mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike, demonstrating an international establishment.

LAD #24

7 February 2007
Lad 24:
Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)
Regarding the prices for consumers, it shall be unlawful for any person involved in commerce, directly or indirectly, to discriminate in price between different purchasers of commodities of like grade and quality. Yet, it may also be noted that the Federal Trade Commission may, after investigation and hearing to all interested parties, fix and establish quantity limits. These limits may also be revised by the Federal Trade Commission. If at any point, this act is disobeyed the Commission is authorized to issue an order terminating the discrimination. In this case, payment or acceptance of commission, brokerage, or other compensation will be given. It shall also be against the law for any person engaged in commerce to pay or contact for the payment of anything of value to or for the benefit of a customer. Discrimination against one purchase over another by contracting to furnish or furnishing, will not be tolerated. Knowingly inducing or receiving discriminatory price will also be outlawed at this time. Nothing, however, in this Act shall prevent a cooperative association from returning to its members, as well as the exemption of non-profit institutions from price discrimination provisions. Because the labor of a human being is not a commodity or article of commerce, this article does not restrain or restrain the labor union of the United States of America.

LAD #23

7 February 2007
LAD 23:
Keating-Owen Child Labor Act of 1916
The Keating-Owen Child Labor Act of 1916 is officially instated, as the 1990 census reported that over two million children under the age of sixteen were working in the mills, mines, fields, factories, stores, and on city streets, with unsafe conditions and unfair hours and wages. Based on the 1906 proposal by Senator Albert J. Beveridge, the sale of all products from any factory, shop, or cannery that employed children under the age of 14, and from any mine that employed children under the age of 16, are banned from the American public. This is an act to prevent interstate commerce in the products of child labor, and for other purposes, and worked towards the appeasement of social reformers, the public and the children themselves. The Attorney General, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Labor shall regulate a board to revise and enforce the labor laws outlines in this Act. Furthermore, to ensure the strict accommodation of this Child Labor Act, there may be at any given time, a governmental inspection of any mine, quarry, factory, workshop, or place of manufacturing in the Untied States of America.

LAD #21

“An Act to Provide for the Allotment of Lands in Severalty to Indians on the Various Reservations, and to Extend the Protection of the Laws of the United States and the Territories over the Indians, and for Other Purposes”

While respecting the decisions made by the Senate and House of Representatives in Congress, the following eleven sections address the conditions of the Indian reservations in the United States of America. The land of these reservations will be distributed with the head of each family keeping one-quarter, orphaned children under the age of eighteen as well as other children over the age of eighteen keeping one-eighth, and other children under the age of eighteen keeping one-sixteenth of the said land. In the case of a lack of appropriate land, the provisions will continue to follow the ratio given. Section two states that each allotment of land shall be decided upon by the Indians themselves. The allotments provided for in this act, shall be made by special agents appointed by the President, and furthermore, that any Indian not residing upon an appointed reservation, shall be able to make settlement upon any surveyed or unserved lands of the United States. According to the President and the Secretary of the Interior, the reservation lands shall be used for whatever religious or social proceedings of the Indians and that each American State and territory shall make further regulations for themselves. Each respective tribe or band shall be at all times held responsible to any criminal or unlawful actions under the law of their particular State or territory. The Secretary of the Interior shall also be responsible for the decisions in regard to irrigation and agricultural changes made in the reservations. This act shall not extend to the territory occupied by the Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Seminoles, and Osage, Miamies and Peorias, and Sacs and Foxes, nor to that strip of territory in the State of Nebraska adjoining the Sioux Nation, or the Seneca Nation. The sale of this worth of this land shall be one hundred thousand dollars. Nothing in this act shall interfere with the power of Congress to use highways or railroads through these lands, nor shall it prevent the removal of the Southern Ute Indians from their present reservation in Southwestern Colorado.